The Administrative Procedure Act (APA) is a cornerstone of administrative law in the United States. Enacted in 1946, this federal statute governs the processes by which federal agencies develop and issue regulations. For municipalities in Texas, understanding the APA...
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What are Robert’s Rules, and how do they affect municipalities?
Robert’s Rules of Order is a widely recognized guide for conducting meetings and making decisions in a structured and democratic manner. Originally published in 1876 by Henry Martyn Robert, this book has become the standard for parliamentary procedure in a variety of...
Under siege: Cybersecurity threats targeting San Antonio’s local governments
In today's digital age, cybersecurity threats are a constant concern for businesses and organizations of all sizes. San Antonio's local governments are no exception. From city councils to public schools, these entities hold sensitive data – financial records, citizen...
Texas cities continue to draw leaders in the tech industry
In the heart of the Lone Star State, a tech revolution is quietly unfolding as Texas cities cultivate a reputation for being among the best locations for the technology sector. This burgeoning reputation isn't just a stroke of luck. It's the result of strategic...
Former Attorney General Paxton’s trial moves to Houston
The past eight years have been controversial ones for former Texas Attorney General Ken Paxton. This week, a court ruled that his impending trial for fraud can proceed to Harris County. This decision concludes the end of considerable effort on Paxton’s part to keep...
Handling non-agenda items in government meetings
The Texas Open Meetings Act (TOMA) allows members of the public who wish to address their local government to add items to the official meeting agenda. This is a positive way to involve residents in their local governments' decisions. Still, it can add too many issues...
Do youth advisory commissions make a difference?
Meterorological summer begins today: June 1 and runs until August 31. This is not to be confused with astronomical summer which is from June 20 to September 22. Meterorological summer is usually the sunniest, hottest time of year. It is also the time when teens are...
What’s the point of having laws?
Any parent of a toddler knows that in any given situation, the question "Why?" is first and foremost, and sometimes annoying. When it comes to why we have laws, the answer seems obvious, "Because." Enough said. However, taking a deeper dive into the question of the...
A municipality by any other name…
In Texas we do not divide our counties into townships. Instead we have cities or municipalities that are either incorporated or unincorporated. It can get confusing when different words are used to mean the same thing. You call it a what? Other areas of the U.S. also...
Is a meeting in session any time a quorum is present?
The short answer is no. There are, when you think about it, many occasions when a quorum of members may be present; either at an event related to or wholly unrelated to government process. Three times when a quorum is not a meeting For precise language about this...